How did the Mongolian Empire collapse?

Picture Courtesy: Dimitris Almyrantis

Dimitris Almyrantis

A very interesting historical perspective which claims that Mongols Empire did not collapse in 14th Century as some western historians believe but transformed into various Muslim transformed into  various Muslim empires from Central Asia to  Subcontinent and actually collapsed in  20th Century. The author claims to Love stories the world has forgotten.

The Mongol empire was not one “state” which could fail or collapse. To understand its structure, consider a cross between the Roman Tetrarchy and modern multilateral alliances. The Mongol domains where an entire world system, whose members shared a common sense of universal civilization, and were united in being in a class of their own - both in fiscal and military terms - compared to any other power of their time. Much like the post-19th-century Western global empire(s), the Mongols were a juggernaut that established the way the world would work for the next “era” of history. And like the modern world system, the Mongol took its inevitable toll in blood.

Read the full article at Quora.com

Dimitris further answered my curious questions on Quora.com.

Yes. The overwhelming majority of the Mongol empire become Moslem from very early on. The only Mongols who did not adopt Islam where those living in the relatively minor states in Mongolia and Tibet (and a few of these later migrated to Russian Kalmykia). The other Mongols called these “those who where left behind”, on the one hand mentioning their being “left behind” in paganism and on the other their being “left behind” in the old homelands. The Golden Horde (the Steppe), the Il-khanate (Mongol Persia), the Chagatai (Inner Asia), the Timurids and Mughals (Tamerlane’s successors) were all Moslem.

The Moslem rulers of India and Central Asia you mention where both descendants of the Mongols. However, they where not “just assimilated”; they had been Moslem since the 13th-14th centuries. To give an overview of the Mongol religious shift, I’ll list each of their initial empires along with its date of founding and (a) the first Moslem ruler and (b) the first Moslem ruler who permanently established Islam as the state religion.